Fundamentals of polymer chemistry scientific spectator. Synthetic polymers are humanmade polymers derived from petroleum oil. An example of alkene polymerization, in which each styrene monomers double bond reforms as a single bond plus a bond to another styrene monomer. As nouns the difference between polymerisation and polymerization is that polymerisation is british spelling chemistry while polymerization is chemistry the chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding together multiple identical units monomers. Ppt polymer chemistry powerpoint presentation free to view id. One is the chain growth reaction, which can be differentiated into radical, cationic, anionic, and coordinative polymerization. Wolmers boys school cape unit 2 chemistry module 1. But in condensation polymerization, any molecule can react with any other. When we keep adding monomers to obtain a large chain, such a process is. In a first section, the various synthetic pathways and different surface materials are introduced and explained, followed by a second section. Templates include iron, chemistry test tube, entropy, and nuclear medicine among others. This note offers and overview of engineering analysis and design techniques for synthetic polymers. Crp is a robust method for the synthesis of welldefined organic polymers of precise molecular weight, composition, and functionality. The introduction of the radical cascade reaction into.
The main characteristic of polymer which determines the physical properties of polymer materials is defined as the degree of polymerization. Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. However, there is still a large number of functional groups that may either completely prevent polymerization or lead to side reactions. Coordination polymerization an overview sciencedirect. Definitions polymer a very long molecule composed of repeating units connected by covalent bonds monomer a repeated unit in a polymer. The atom transfer, as its name suggests, is important and plays a crucial role in the uniform growth of a polymer chain. Free polymer chemistry books download ebooks online.
As nouns the difference between polymerisation and polymerization is that polymerisation is british spellingchemistry while polymerization is chemistry the chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding together multiple identical units monomers. In polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form. Postpolymerization modification, also known as polymeranalogous modification, is an alternative. Alkyl halides are reduced to growing radicals and transition metals are oxidized via an inner sphere electron transfer process. Polymer is defined as a chemical substance of a high molecular mass formed by the combination of a large number of simple molecules, called monomers. In a first section, the various synthetic pathways and different surface materials are introduced and explained, followed by a second section covering important. The kinetic chain starts with addition of monomer to a metal complex, propagation is by successive insertion of monomer at the metal, and termination occurs when the metal complex separates from the. Summary presentation about addition polymerisation. Polymerization addition and condensation polymerization. Synthesis of nanocomposite organicinorganic hybrid. Atom transfer radical polymerization atrp is a technique for the preparation of polymers by using reversibledeactivation radical polymerization 5. Harris wright state university, dayton, oh 45435 polymers are extremely large molecules that are essential to our very existence. May 04, 2016 summary presentation about addition polymerisation. This experiment was designed for undergraduate students to demonstrate the exothermic nature of.
Atom transfer radical polymerization atrp is based on the reversible transfer of halogen atoms between dormant alkyl halides p nx and transition metal catalysts m t n l by redox chemistry. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymers. In addition polymerization monomers only join at the active site of the chain. Polymer chemistry polymer chemistry suspension polymerization definition. Ppt polymerisation chemistry powerpoint presentation free to download id. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Free chemistry powerpoint templates are made, while keeping in mind students who are. These reactions involve the addition of many single subunits together to form giant molecules macromolecules called polymers. Jul 30, 2017 the chemical reaction in which high molecular mass molecules are formed from monomers is known as polymerization. Polymer chemistrysuspension polymerization definition. Polymers powerpoint presentation, science, chemistry, class. Classification of polymerization reaction addition and.
Dna, proteins, carbohydrates methods for making polymers addition polymerization and condensation polymerization addition polymerization. Anionic polymerization there are a lot more interesting things about anionic polymerization the effect of polar groups, the fact that not all monomers can be used to make block copolymers, the ability to make certain polymers with very narrow molecular weight distributions, and so on but these topics are for more. In contrast to chain growth reactions, where high molecular mass polymers are formed almost from the start of the reaction, a stepwise reaction results in the molecular mass of the polymer increasing slowly as the reaction progresses. A polymerization process in which the monomer, or mixture of monomers, is dispersed by. Dhara,department of chemistry and biochemistry,iit kharagpur.
This guide explains about the eight most common types of synthetic organic polymers, which are commonly found in households are. Polymerisation chemistry 1 polymerisation chemistry 2 p4 case studies. The authors present a discussion of the general chemistry of radical polymerization featuring initiation, propagation, chain transfer, termination and inhibition and retardation. Macromolecules formed by the covalent attachment of a set of small molecules more than 50 termed monomers. The main characteristic of polymer which determines the physical properties of polymer materials is defined as the degree of. In modern polymer science a variety of polymerization methods for the direct synthesis of polymers bearing functional groups are known. Viscosity increases dramatically during conversion 2 types quiescent bulk polymerization eg. Synthesis of nanocomposite organicinorganic hybrid materials. When we keep adding monomers to obtain a large chain, such a process is also called as the chain growth polymerization. View and download powerpoint presentations on addition polymerization ppt. Polymerisation vs polymerization whats the difference. Lecture notes synthesis of polymers chemical engineering. The lower molecular masses needed for polyamides compared to polyesters reflects the strengthening characteristics of interchain hydrogen bonding.
This document is highly rated by class 12 students and has been viewed 20826 times. Addition polymerization of alkenes is an exothermic process due to the relief of the bond strain from cc double bonds. Polymers products that are commonly referred to as plastics by the general public are known to chemists as polymers. A polymer is a macromolecule which consists of small molecular units that are repeated over and over again to form a long chain. This experiment was designed for undergraduate students to demonstrate the exothermic nature of addition chaingrowth. Stepgrowth polymerization is the other main method to make polymers. Polymer chemistry part 1 polymer characteristics and classifications 2. The monomer molecules may be all alike, or they may represent two, three, or more different compounds. Simple statistical arguments can be used to show how the distribution develops with extent of reaction. The wide availability of jacketed reactors, their simplicity, and the high level of control they can offer have made them a. Coordination polymerization an overview sciencedirect topics.
Heterochain polymers that contain more than one atom type in their backbone are grouped according to the types of atoms and chemical groups e. In this lesson, learn about the process of polymerization. There are two basic types of polymerization, chainreaction or addition and step. Let us do a comparative analysis of the two types of polymerization to understand them better. Polymerisation is an alternative form of polymerization. Ppt polymerisation chemistry powerpoint presentation. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 15 polymers the word polymer has a greek origin. The process of converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into a polymer. Apart from increased sophistication in methods of measuring molecular weight, such as the cryoscopic and vapour pressure methods, almost the whole range of the spectrum has been called into service to elucidate polymer structure.
Helfferich, in comprehensive chemical kinetics, 2001. Download free chemistry powerpoint templates and themes. A process of making the monomer molecules react together in a chemical reaction and produce threedimensional networks or polymer chains is called polymerization. General chemistry of radical polymerization request pdf. Free chemistry powerpoint templates are made, while keeping in mind students who are required to give clear. Polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. Whether it is an organic or inorganic reaction, it can be explained with free chemistry ppt backgrounds. This is the type of polymerization in which the molecules of a similar monomer or different monomer add up together on a large scale to form a polymer. The synthesis of nanostructured organicinorganic hybrid materials using controlledliving radical polymerization crp techniques is described. The introduction of the radical cascade reaction into polymer. The small buildingblock molecules are called monomers. Polymerization addition and condensation polymerization, degree. Explore the two major types, common polymers, and some of the chemistry involved with this biologically and commercially important.
Polymerisation techniques polymerisation techniques used in the production of some commercial polymers. May 04, 2020 polymers powerpoint presentation, science, chemistry, class 12 class 12 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 12. You can use these chemistry ppt in your projects and presentations. For polyamides on the other hand, of commercial fibre forming polymer is 12 000 000, which for nylon 6,6 is equivalent to an average degree of polymerization of 5358. This study focuses on the demonstration of synchronized polymerization and modification in one step, by introducing radical cascade reaction into polymer chemistry to develop a new polymerization methodology, i. Organic chemistry many compounds are built around the carbon atom organic chemistry focuses on these compounds contain carbon and other atoms such as h, o, n, s, p 10 million compounds natural or synthetic huge variety due to many bonding possibilities for carbon approaches for representing organic compounds. Fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p download book. Ppt polymer chemistry powerpoint presentation free to. Control of exothermic reactions is crucial for preventing runaway reactionsexplosions in the industrial setting. Addition polymerisation powerpoint presentation teaching.
Aug 26, 2016 may 04, 2020 polymers powerpoint presentation, science, chemistry, class 12 class 12 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 12. View polymerization ppts online, safely and virusfree. Introduction to polymer chemistry dr claudius dsilva material used in these lectures have been sourced from books and the web. A polymerization process in which the monomer, or mixture of monomers, is dispersed by mechanical agitation.
Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Lowdensity polyethylene, highdensity polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, nylon, nylon 6, nylon 6,6, teflon, thermoplastic. It was independently discovered by krzysztof matyjaszewski and mitsuo sawamoto in the year 1995. Polymer polymerisation technique polyamides polycarbonates polyethylene terephthalates polysulphides polyethylene low density polyethylene high density polymethyl methacrylate polypropylene polystyrene polyvinyl acetate. In polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules. Usually at least 100 monomer molecules must be combined to make a product that has certain unique. Polymer chemistry, chem 466, spring 2014, january 14, 2014. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The wide availability of jacketed reactors, their simplicity, and the high level of control they can offer have made them a popular choice for many polymerization chemists. The kinetic chain starts with addition of monomer to a metal complex, propagation is by successive insertion of monomer at the metal, and termination occurs when the metal complex separates from the polymer.
Free polymer chemistry books download ebooks online textbooks. Introduction to new developments from brookhart, et al. Treatment of materials properties selection, mechanical characterization, and processing in design of loadbearing and environmentcompatible structures are covered. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures university tennessee. The chemical reaction in which high molecular mass molecules are formed from monomers is known as polymerization. Ppt polymer chemistry powerpoint presentation, free download. They are a main constituent of our food starch, protein, etc. Synthetic polymers are a mainstay of modern life, but nature also makes polymers. Functional polymers by postpolymerization modification. Lowdensity polyethylene, highdensity polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, nylon, nylon 6, nylon 6,6. A process of making the monomer molecules react together in a chemical reaction and produce threedimensional networks or polymer chains is called polymerization degree of polymerization.
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